Methodology

Citations and conditions for data use

If you choose to use Climate Policy Monitor data or externally refer to Climate Policy Monitor analysis, please cite as follows:

For media: Climate Policy Monitor. Net Zero Regulation and Policy Hub, University of Oxford. 2024.

For academic publications: Emma Lecavalier, Lucilla Dias, Thomas Hale, Thom Wetzer, Bhavya Gupta, Claas Mertens, Adrien Rose, Abby Semple. Climate Policy Monitor. Net Zero Regulation and Policy Hub, University of Oxford. 2024.

The data produced by the Climate Policy Monitor is open access under the Creative Commons License BY 4.0.

Acknowledgements

Besides those listed in the citation above, many other individuals have contributed to the Climate Policy Monitor in one form or another, including:

Marta Andhov
Kaya Axelsson
Richard Barker
Matilda Becker
Roberto Caranta
Samantha Climie
Luca Enriques
Clare Everett
Baptiste Grüss
Joseph Gualtieri
Camilla Hyslop
Shirley Lukin
Alexis McGivern
Katharina Neumann
Ira Poensgen
Franziska Singer
Amir Sokolowski
Jasper Teulings

We also want to thank the Co-Investigators of the Hub and other University of Oxford colleagues for their inputs:

Selam Kidane Abebe, Myles Allen, Amir Amel-Zadeh, John Armour, Aoife Brophy, Ben Caldecott, Anne Davies, Sam Fankhauser, Benjamin Franta, Cameron Hepburn, Ruairi Macdonald, Kennedy Mbeva, Lavanya Rajamani, Nicola Ranger, Stephen Smith, and Rupert Stuart-Smith.

Climate Policy Monitor scope

The Monitor maps and analyses national regulation, law, and policy shaping climate mitigation efforts.

Each year, the Monitor analyses a select number of domains to be mapped and analysed. In our inaugural year, 2024, we analyse three domains:

Climate-related disclosure
Corporate and national transition planning
Public procurement

New domains will be added on a yearly basis, starting in 2025.

In 2024, the analysis covers 30 jurisdictions, including the G20. Additional jurisdictions will be added in future years.

Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Canada
Chile
China
European Union
France
Germany
India
Indonesia
Italy
Japan
Kenya
Mexico
Netherlands
Nigeria
Philippines
Poland
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
South Africa
South Korea
Sweden
Tanzania
Thailand
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States of America

Note that when evaluating European Union (EU) member states, both EU policy tools as well as national policy tools are included in our evaluation (i.e. France is evaluated based on the sum of French and EU policy tools).

Data collection and evaluation

Data for the Monitor is collected through pro-bono collaborations with law firms in each covered jurisdiction. Law firms are invited to participate based on their existing domain-specific or climate-specific expertise and contribute to the Monitor on a pro bono basis. We endeavour, where possible, to recruit at least two law firms (one of which we aim to be local) in each jurisdiction we cover in order to enhance the validity of the data.

Data collection and evaluation occurs in four phases.

Phase 1:

The Hub develops the annual Climate Policy Monitor survey. The survey contains:

General questions, applicable across all domains and to all mapped policy tools.
Domain-specific questions, which enable more bespoke analysis of policies in each domain.

In 2024, the Survey contained General questions, as well as domain-specific questions on three policy domains: climate-related disclosure, transition planning, and public procurement.

Phase 2:

Law firms identify relevant in-scope policy tools and respond to the annual survey to assess their implementation.

Phase 3:

The Hub reviews and, to the extent feasible, verifies law firm responses. In cases where two or more firms identify and survey the same policy tool, the Hub reconciles these responses. Finally, the Hub identifies and surveys additional policy tools on an ‘as-needed’ basis. This data is available under Policy Tool Scorecard.

Phase 4:

The Hub defines the Evaluative Criteria for each domain and analyses the responses from the law firms. We rely on publicly available sources such as entities’ websites or published documentation, press releases, or news articles. This data is available under Policy Tool Scorecard.

The full methodology and codebook will be made available here soon.

Data limitations

Our dataset is limited by several factors.

First, it is not globally comprehensive. We have included 30 jurisdictions in our 2024 analysis (see scope above). The data captures a globally significant range of jurisdictions that account for most of the global emissions and global population, striving to be diverse regarding regions, income, and development.

Second, we only include data in the public domain and rely on the identification of policy tools by the Legal Expert Network, this may not reflect the most complete and current information held by individual entities.